Permissions and Terms of  Use

Texts of articles copyrighted by AramcoWorld (formally Saudi Aramco World or Aramco World) may be reprinted, either in print or electronically, without specific prior permission from Aramco Americas, provided the following three conditions are met:

• The text must not be edited. Abridgement is permissible if the abridged text is approved by the editors and the credit states "Abridged from ...".
• The name of the author, the full original article title, AramcoWorld, and the original issue of publication must all appear in the credits, which must be placed according to professional standards.
• Either a printed copy or a link to the article must be provided to the editors.

This permission does not apply to articles or other material identified in the print edition or on this website as reprints or adaptations from other copyrighted sources, or to any other material identified in any way as being copyrighted by parties other than Aramco Americas, Saudi Aramco or its enterprise affiliates.

Photographs and illustrations require use-specific permission from AramcoWorld prior to republication. If an image download is required, request permission and order the image through the AramcoWorld Digital Image Archive; otherwise requests can also be made using the Feedback link or by emailing editor@aramcoamericas.com, subject line, "Image request: [your name]." Please note that not all images that appear in AramcoWorld are available.

Aramco Americas does not charge any fees for approved text and image uses.

Ownership

Aramco Services Company (hereinafter "ASC") owns and operates this site as an educational service. ASC, its licensors and/or content providers own, in full or part, all images on this site. This agreement applies to you, and if you are using this site on behalf of an employer, to your employer also (hereinafter collectively referred to as "You" or "Your"). By using this site and/or downloading any images or other material from this site, You agree to be bound by the terms of this Agreement. If You do not wish to be bound by this Agreement, do not accept it. ASC reserves the right to change this Agreement from time to time at its sole discretion and the current version of this Agreement posted on this site will apply to Your use of this site.

Permitted Use

This site contains materials and images protected under U.S. and international copyright laws. ASC allows You to search for, view, download and/or otherwise use images only as permitted herein. Your ability to access an image on this site does not entitle You to use or otherwise publish that image.

You may access the full features of this site. You agree to hold ASC harmless from, any and all claims for damages arising from any and all use or publication of any images You accessed or downloaded from this site.

Comp Images

You may request comp images. These are low-resolution images that are sized for detailed viewing and use in composing media, i.e., layout in print, dummying electronic pages, or for consideration by a project team. You may request a download of one copy of any of the images posted on this site onto a single computer solely for the purpose of evaluating whether You wish to use, publish or include the image in another publication or product. You may retain the copy for a period of sixty (60) days from the date of download in Your internal "comps" and layouts to assist in Your evaluation. Comp images may not be published or distributed beyond that use. Violation of this will result in blockage of the user's account and, where appropriate, legal action.

Using Images

Request permission to use any image(s) on this site by fully and accurately completing the checkout form. APPROVAL OF YOUR CHECKOUT FORM GRANTS YOU A SINGLE USE (ONE-TIME RIGHTS) LICENSE TO USE THE IMAGE, LIMITED TO THE MANNER REQUESTED, CONDITIONED ON YOUR COMPLIANCE TO THESE TERMS OF USE, UNLESS FURTHER RIGHTS ARE GRANTED BY ASC IN WRITING.

Except for these limited uses, You may not download, transfer, publish, distribute and/or exploit any image on this site in any way, nor may You include any image from this site in any publication, website or computer network. Except for minor color correction or cropping , You may not modify or alter any visible marks on any image, or disassemble, reverse engineer, or decompile any image without describing such modifications on Your checkout form and receiving approval for such use. In particular, no images or parts of images on this site will be approved for use as a trademark or service mark; use in any pornographic, defamatory, or otherwise unlawful manner is prohibited.

Approvals

ASC reserves the right to grant or withhold permission for the use of any image from this site for any purpose, at any time, in any medium, by any user. Each use of any image from this site requires approval from ASC using the checkout form. You agree that ASC's decisions will be final.

Fees

There are no fees payable to ASC for the use of any approved image.

Credits

Images in all media must be published with credit to all of the following: photographer or source, AramcoWorld. Credits must follow this standard format:

[photographer name]/AramcoWorld. Placement of this credit, font, size and color must follow standard publication practices for the medium in which the image appears. Failure to properly credit images will result in blockage of the user's account and, where appropriate, legal action.

Copies of used images

For images that are published in print, two copies of either the complete published work or a tearsheet must be sent to:

AramcoWorld, Post Office Box 2106, Houston, Texas 77252-2106, USA. For electronic publications, notification of publication and a link to the pages in which the images appear must be electronically transmitted to: editor@aramcoamericas.com.

Copyright

Each image in this site is tagged with one of two copyright status levels that indicates the rights ASC holds:

FULL RIGHTS NON-PROFIT-ONLY RIGHTS FULL RIGHTS images may be licensed from ASC by commercial or non-profit users. NON-PROFIT-ONLY images may be licensed from ASC only by non-profit users. They cannot be licensed for commercial media.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMMERCIAL AND NON-PROFIT USES

Commercial uses are defined as uses in media products that are for sale publicly or privately, or that are used to help generate or support commercial activity of any kind. Commercial uses may use only images to which ASC owns full rights. No exceptions can be made. ASC will determine whether or not a proposed use of an image constitutes commercial use, and ASC's decision will be final. For commercial inquiries regarding non-profit-only images, usage rights must be separately and privately obtained from the photographer or the providing institution, whose contact information appears in a pop-up window linked to the photographer's name as stated on the the comp. Arrangements for image licensing made between You and that image provider shall be solely Your responsibility, and all such resulting terms shall be negotiated directly with the provider. Non-profit uses are defined as uses in media products that do not generate income for the author or publisher, and that are demonstrably educational or private in nature. Non-profit users may use either "full rights" or "non-profit-only rights" images. ASC will determine whether or not a proposed use of an image constitutes non-profit use, and ASC's decision will be final.

Disclaimers

ASC provides You with this site and images on an "as-is" basis. ASC MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, REGARDING ANY IMAGE, THIS SITE, THE ACCURACY OF ANY INFORMATION, OR ANY RIGHTS OR LICENSES UNDER THIS AGREEMENT INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, OR THAT THIS SITE OR ANY SERVICES IT OFFERS WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR-FREE. ALTHOUGH ASC HAS MADE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO ENSURE THAT INFORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH EACH IMAGE IS ACCURATE, ASC DOES NOT WARRANT THAT SUCH INFORMATION IS, IN ALL CASES, ENTIRELY CORRECT.

Neither ASC nor any of its affiliates or subsidiaries shall be liable to You or to any third party claiming through You for any incidental, direct, indirect, special or consequential damages arising out of or relating to Your use or inability to use any image on this site.

Choice of law

The laws of the state of Texas shall govern any dispute regarding this Agreement, without reference to its laws relating to the conflicts of laws. Venue for all disputes arising under this Agreement shall lie exclusively in the jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located in Houston, Texas, and each party agrees not to contest the personal jurisdiction of these courts. In any dispute between You and ASC, ASC shall be entitled to recover from You the reasonable fees and expenses of its attorneys, legal experts and other legal expenses and costs.