While artificial intelligence tools can enhance efficiency, customer engagement and communications, many specialists find AI lacking when they need to converse in languages with multiple dialects, such as Arabic. With public and private sectors alike requiring Arabic, efforts are underway to advance AI’s accessibility and application.

Part 3 of our series celebrating AramcoWorld’s 75th anniversary highlights the magazine’s emphasis on experts and institutions that push the boundaries of present-day knowledge while paying homage to historical figures and writings that paved their way.

The black eyeliner known widely today as kohl was used much by both men and women in Egypt from around 2000 BCE—and not just for beauty or to invoke the the god Horus. It turns out kohl was also good for the health of the eyes, and the cosmetic’s manufacture relied on the world’s first known example of “wet chemistry”—the use of water to induce chemical reactions.